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Diagnosis Infeksi Virus Zika
Diagnosis infeksi virus Zika sulit ditentukan hanya dengan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik sebab sekitar 80% pasien tidak mengeluhkan gejala apapun. Pada pasien yang bergejala, bercak kulit, mata merah, demam ringan, berbagai keluhan nyeri (nyeri kepala, retro-orbital, otot, sendi) dapat dikeluhkan.[1-3]
Diagnosis infeksi virus Zika terutama dicurigai pada pasien dengan riwayat perjalanan/tinggal di daerah endemis infeksi virus Zika dan ditegakkan melalui uji RT-PCR virus Zika yang positif. Periode inkubasi virus Zika berlangsung 3-14 hari.[1-3,48]
Anamnesis
Referensi
1. Wolford RW, Schaefer TJ. Zika Virus. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430981/
2. Labeaud, A. (2022). Zika virus infection: An overview. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Zika-virus-infection-an-overview
3. Navalkele, B., Levine, M.,(2021). Zika Virus. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-overview#a3
10. Cunha, A. J., de Magalhães-Barbosa, M. C., Lima-Setta, F., et al.(2017). Microcephaly Case Fatality Rate Associated with Zika Virus Infection in Brazil: Current Estimates. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 36(5), 528–530. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001486
11. Masmejan, S., Musso, D., Vouga, M., et al.(2020). Zika Virus. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 9(11), 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110898
12. Manangeeswaran, M., Kielczewski, J. L., Sen, H. N., et al. (2018). ZIKA virus infection causes persistent chorioretinal lesions. Emerging microbes & infections, 7(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0096-z
13. Hussain, A., Ali, F., Latiwesh, O. B., et al. (2018). A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestations and Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Neonates and Adults. Cureus, 10(9), e3290. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3290
14. Edupuganti, S., Natrajan, M. S., Rouphael, N., et al. (2017). Biphasic Zika Illness With Rash and Joint Pain. Open forum infectious diseases, 4(3), ofx133. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx133
15. Wimalasiri-Yapa, B., Yapa, H. E., Huang, X., et al.(2020). Zika Virus and Arthritis/Arthralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses, 12(10), 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101137
16. Legros, V., Jeannin, P., Burlaud-Gaillard, J., et al.(2020). Differentiation-dependent susceptibility of human muscle cells to Zika virus infection. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 14(8), e0008282. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008282
17. Vroon, P., Roosblad, J., Poese, F., et al.(2017). Severity of acute Zika virus infection: A prospective emergency room surveillance study during the 2015-2016 outbreak in Suriname. IDCases, 10, 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2017.10.007
18. Agrawal, R., Oo, H. H., Balne, P. K., et al. (2018). Zika Virus and the Eye. Ocular immunology and inflammation, 26(5), 654–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2017.1294184
19. Ventura, C. V., & Ventura, L. O. (2018). Ophthalmologic Manifestations Associated With Zika Virus Infection. Pediatrics, 141(Suppl 2), S161–S166. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2038E
20. Gov UK.(2017).Zika virus and Guillain Barre Syndrome. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/Zika-virus-and-guillain-barre-syndrome
21. Freitas, D. A., Souza-Santos, R., Carvalho, L., et al. (2020). Congenital Zika syndrome: A systematic review. PloS one, 15(12), e0242367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242367
22. Kazmi, S. S., Ali, W., Bibi, N., et al. (2020). A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. Journal of biological research (Thessalonike, Greece), 27, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40709-020-00115-4
23. Eboigbodin, K. E., Brummer, M., Ojalehto, T., et al. (2016). Rapid molecular diagnostic test for Zika virus with low demands on sample preparation and instrumentation. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 86(4), 369–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.027
24. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.(2017).Pedoman Pencegahan & Pengendalian Virus Zika. https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/download/Buku_Pedoman_Pencegahan_dan_Pengendalian_Virus_Zika.pdf
25. Baz, M., & Boivin, G. (2019). Antiviral Agents in Development for Zika Virus Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 12(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030101
26. Simanjuntak, Y., Ko, H. Y., Lee, Y. L., et al. (2020). Preventive effects of folic acid on Zika virus-associated poor pregnancy outcomes in immunocompromised mice. PLoS pathogens, 16(5), e1008521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008521
34. Lockwood, C., Ros, S., Nielsen-Saines, K.(2021).Zika Virus Infection: Evaluation and Management of Pregnant Women. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Zika-virus-infection-evaluation-and-management-of-pregnant-women
38. Alvarado-Socarras, J. L., Idrovo, Á. J., Contreras-García, G. A., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Audcent, T. A., Mogollon-Mendoza, A. C., & Paniz-Mondolfi, A. (2018). Congenital microcephaly: A diagnostic challenge during Zika epidemics. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 23, 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.02.002
39. Babe,I. e. al.(2019).Interim Guidance for Interpretation of Zika Virus Antibody Test Results. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6521e1.htm
48. Krow-Lucal ER, Biggerstaff BJ, Staples JE. Estimated Incubation Period for Zika Virus Disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(5):841-845. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161715
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