Pendahuluan Infeksi Virus Zika

Oleh :

dr. Qorry Amanda, M.Biomed

Infeksi virus Zika merupakan penyakit infeksi yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk dan disebabkan oleh virus Zika (ZIKV) yang tergolong dalam genus Flavivirus. Infeksi virus Zika pada anak dan dewasa tidak mematikan terkecuali pada bayi yang lahir terinfeksi. Mortalitas bayi yang lahir terinfeksi mencapai 64%.[9,10,35,36]

Infeksi virus Zika juga menyebabkan gangguan neurologis berat pada bayi yaitu sindrom Zika kongenital. Oleh karena itu, infeksi virus Zika telah ditetapkan sebagai Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat yang Meresahkan Dunia (KKMMD) oleh WHO pada tahun 2016.[6]

Virus Zika merupakan virus RNA yang disebarkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes, ibu hamil yang terinfeksi pada anaknya, hubungan seksual, donor darah dan transplantasi organ. Masa inkubasi virus Zika adalah 3-14 hari.[4,48]

Referensi

1. Wolford RW, Schaefer TJ. Zika Virus. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430981/
2. Labeaud, AD. Zika virus infection: An overview. 2025. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zika-virus-infection-an-overview
3. Navalkele BD, Levine M. Zika Virus. 2025. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500035-overview
4. de Jong HK, Grobusch MP. Zika virus: an overview update. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 20(3):p 294-302, May 2025. DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000926
6. WHO. Zika Epidemiology Update. 2019. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/Zika/Zika-epidemiology-update-july-2019c97afc44-387e-4261-9fe1-1fe87326b75b.pdf?sfvrsn=ea726540_1&download=true
9. Suseelan Bhargavi, B. and Moa, A., 2020. Global outbreaks of Zika infection by epidemic observatory (EpiWATCH), 2016-2019. Global Biosecurity, 2(1), p.None. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31646/gbio.83
10. Cunha AJ, de Magalhães-Barbosa MC, Lima-Setta F, et al. Microcephaly Case Fatality Rate Associated with Zika Virus Infection in Brazil: Current Estimates. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2017. 36(5), 528–530. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001486
11. Masmejan, S., Musso, D., Vouga, M., et al. Zika Virus. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. 9(11), 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110898
12. Manangeeswaran, M., Kielczewski, J. L., Sen, H. N., et al. ZIKA virus infection causes persistent chorioretinal lesions. Emerging microbes & infections, 2018. 7(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0096-z
13. Hussain, A., Ali, F., Latiwesh, O. B., et al. A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestations and Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Neonates and Adults. Cureus, 2018. 10(9), e3290. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3290
14. Edupuganti, S., Natrajan, M. S., Rouphael, N., et al. Biphasic Zika Illness With Rash and Joint Pain. Open forum infectious diseases, 2017. 4(3), ofx133. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx133
15. Wimalasiri-Yapa, B., Yapa, H. E., Huang, X., et al. Zika Virus and Arthritis/Arthralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses, 2020. 12(10), 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101137
16. Legros, V., Jeannin, P., Burlaud-Gaillard, J., et al. Differentiation-dependent susceptibility of human muscle cells to Zika virus infection. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020. 14(8), e0008282. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008282
22. Kazmi, S. S., Ali, W., Bibi, N., et al. A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. Journal of biological research (Thessalonike, Greece), 2020. 27, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40709-020-00115-4
25. Baz M, Boivin G. Antiviral Agents in Development for Zika Virus Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. 12(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12030101
26. Simanjuntak, Y., Ko, H. Y., Lee, Y. L., et al. Preventive effects of folic acid on Zika virus-associated poor pregnancy outcomes in immunocompromised mice. PLoS pathogens, 2020. 16(5), e1008521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008521
30. Wen, Z., Song, H., & Ming, G. L. How does Zika virus cause microcephaly?. Genes & development, 2017. 31(9), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.298216.117
34. Lockwood, C., Ros, S., Nielsen-Saines, K. Zika Virus Infection: Evaluation and Management of Pregnant Women. 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/Zika-virus-infection-evaluation-and-management-of-pregnant-women
35. Noorbakhsh, F., Abdolmohammadi, K., Fatahi, Y., Dalili, H., Rasoolinejad, M., Rezaei, F., Salehi-Vaziri, M., Shafiei-Jandaghi, N. Z., Gooshki, E. S., Zaim, M., & Nicknam, M. H. Zika Virus Infection, Basic and Clinical Aspects: A Review Article. Iranian journal of public health, 2019. 48(1), 20–31.
36. N Costa, Maria Conceição et al. Case Fatality Rate Related to Microcephaly Congenital Zika Syndrome and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Brazil †.” Virusesvol. 2020. 12,11 1228. doi:10.3390/v12111228
41. WHO guidelines for clinical management of arboviral diseases: dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.
48. Krow-Lucal ER, Biggerstaff BJ, Staples JE. Estimated Incubation Period for Zika Virus Disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23(5):841-845. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161715

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