Pendahuluan Malaria

Oleh :

dr. DrRiawati MMedPH

Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi menular disebabkan oleh plasmodium protozoa yang masuk ke dalam aliran darah manusia melalui berbagai cara, secara klasik setelah digigit nyamuk betina Anopheles sp, dan bermanifestasi sebagai gejala klasik, yaitu demam paroksismal: menggigil, demam tinggi, dan diaforesis

Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan menanyakan riwayat bepergian ke daerah endemik, faktor risiko, gambaran klinis, pemeriksaan darah secara mikroskopik berupa sediaan apus darah tebal dan tipis, rapid diagnostic test, polymerase chain reaction assay.

Penatalaksanaan malaria bertujuan untuk diagnosis dini dan pengobatan segera yang efektif untuk menyembuhkan penyakitnya secara tuntas

Malaria plasmodium falciparum. Sumber: Glenn S, CDC PHIL, 1979.

Upaya pemberantasan larva dan vektor, menghindari/menanggulangi faktor risiko, serta penerapan perlindungan diri saat memasuki daerah endemik diharapkan dapat memutuskan rantai transmisi penyakit menular ini

Edukasi dan promosi kesehatan kepada pasien, keluarga dan masyarakat untuk kerjasama dalam memelihara lingkungan dan sanitasi bebas nyamuk, segera berobat bila mengalami gejala dan tanda klinis malaria.

Referensi

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11. Gillies, M.T., Selection for Host Preference in Anopheles gambiae. Nature, 1964. 203: p. 852-4.

12. Burkot, T.R., C. Dye, and P.M. Graves, An Analysis of some Factors Determining the Sporozoite Rates, Human Blood Indexes, and Biting Rates of Members of the Anopheles punctulatus Complex in Papua New Guinea. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1989. 40(3): p. 229-234.

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15. WHO, List of countries, territories and areas: Vaccination requirements and recommendations for international travellers, including yellow fever and malaria 2016, the World Health Organization: Geneva.

16. Kementerian kesehatan R.I. Inilah Fakta Keberhasilan Pengendalian Malaria. Apr 2016; Available from: http://www.depkes.go.id/article/print/16050200003/inilah-fakta-keberhasilan-pengendalian-malaria.html.

17. Medscape. Malaria Differential Diagnoses. Oct 2016 Accessed: 10 Feb 2017]; Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/221134-differential.

18. Bailey, J.W., et al., Guideline: the laboratory diagnosis of malaria. General Haematology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol, 2013. 163(5): p. 573-80.

19. Mens, P., et al., Is molecular biology the best alternative for diagnosis of malaria to microscopy? A comparison between microscopy, antigen detection and molecular tests in rural Kenya and urban Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health, 2007. 12(2): p. 238-44.

20. de Oliveira, A.M., et al., Performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as part of routine malaria case management in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2009. 80(3): p. 470-4.

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23. WHO. Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine. Nov 2016; Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/research/development/malaria_vaccine_qa/en/.

24. CDC. Malaria Vaccine. Feb 2010; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/features/vaccines.html.

25. CDC. Larva Control and Other Vector Control Interventions. Nov 2012; Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/vector_control.html.

26. Kementerian kesehatan R.I, InfoDatin: Malaria. Apr 2016, Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan R.I.

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Pendahuluan Malaria

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