Pendahuluan Malaria

Oleh dr. Riawati Jahja

Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi menular disebabkan oleh plasmodium protozoa yang masuk ke dalam aliran darah manusia melalui berbagai cara, secara klasik setelah digigit nyamuk betina Anopheles sp, dan bermanifestasi sebagai gejala klasik, yaitu demam paroksismal: menggigil, demam tinggi, dan diaforesis

Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan menanyakan riwayat bepergian ke daerah endemik, faktor risiko, gambaran klinis, pemeriksaan darah secara mikroskopik berupa sediaan apus darah tebal dan tipis, rapid diagnostic test, polymerase chain reaction assay.

Penatalaksanaan malaria bertujuan untuk diagnosis dini dan pengobatan segera yang efektif untuk menyembuhkan penyakitnya secara tuntas

Malaria plasmodium falciparum. Sumber: Glenn S, CDC PHIL, 1979.

Upaya pemberantasan larva dan vektor, menghindari/menanggulangi faktor risiko, serta penerapan perlindungan diri saat memasuki daerah endemik diharapkan dapat memutuskan rantai transmisi penyakit menular ini

Edukasi dan promosi kesehatan kepada pasien, keluarga dan masyarakat untuk kerjasama dalam memelihara lingkungan dan sanitasi bebas nyamuk, segera berobat bila mengalami gejala dan tanda klinis malaria.

Referensi

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Alomedika | Khusus untuk Dokter

Pendahuluan Malaria

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