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Diagnosis Glukosuria
Diagnosis glukosuria ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan kadar glukosa urine melalui urinalisis, pemeriksaan reduksi urine, ataupun glukosa kuantitatif urine. Tujuan utama dari diagnosis glukosuria adalah untuk mencari penyebab yang mendasari terdapatnya glukosa dalam urine serta komplikasi potensial lainnya.[2,5,8]
Glukosuria dapat bersifat simptomatik maupun asimptomatik. Kondisi glukosuria sering dikorelasikan dengan gangguan metabolik maupun adanya gangguan pada renal khususnya pada tubulus proksimal. Kedua gangguan tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan pada setiap kasus dengan glukosuria.[2-7]
Anamnesis
Referensi
1. Gu X, Chen M, et al. Acquired renal glucosuria in an undifferentiated connective tissue disease patient with a SLC5A2 heterozygous mutation. Medicine. 2018;97:50(e13664) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013664
2. Lewis CM, Dass B. Glucosuria Is Not Always Due to Diabetes. Fed Pract. 2021;38(2):92-95 Doi:10.12788/fp.0091
3. Liman MNP, Jialal I. Physiology, Glycosuria. 2021 Mar 24. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 32491373.
4. Inoue K, Tsurutani Y, et al. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Complicated by Persistent Isolated Glucosuria in the Absence of Hyperglycemia. Case Reports in Clinical Medicine. 2017;6:133-136 DOI: 10.4236/crcm.2017.65012
5. Hechanova L A. Renal Glucosuria. MSD Manual. 2020. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/renal-transport-abnormalities/renal-glucosuria
6. Erdogan A, Bozkurt A, et al. Can we contribute to the diagnosis of diabetes and regulation of blood glucose by increasing the urologists awareness of glucosuria?. Urologia Journal. 2020;00(0):1-5 DOI: 10.1177/0391560320919593
7. Lee T, Yang W S. Non-diabetic glycosuria as a diagnostic clue for acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in patients with azotemia. Renal Failure. 2020;42(1):1015-1021 DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2020.1824923
8. Bhimma R. Renal Glucosuria. Medscape. 2018. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/983678-overview
11. Szablewski L. Distribution of glucose transporters in renal diseases. Journal of Biomedical Science. 2017;24(64):1-12 DOI 10.1186/s12929-017-0371-7
12. Ottosson-Laakso E, Tuomi T, et al. Influence of Familial Renal Glycosuria Due to Mutations in the SLC5A2 Gene on Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(1):e0146114 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0146114
13. Neumann K, Tiegs G. Immune regulation in renal inflammation. Cell and Tissue Research. 2021;385:305–322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03351-1
14. Brennan D. What is Glycosuria? WebMD. 2021. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/what-is-glycosuria
15. Berdichevskyу B.A., Berdichevskyу V.B.Non-Diabetic Glucosuria As One of the Possible Factors of Formation of Chronic Kidney Disease. GJUN. 2020;3(21):1-4
16. Keefe P, Bokhari SRA. Fanconi Syndrome. [Updated 2021 Dec 12]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534872/
17. Tuntun M, Aminah S. Hubungan Hasil Dipstik Urin (Leukosit Esterase, Nitrit dan Glukosuria) dengan Kejadian ISK pada Pegawai. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2021;12(3):465-471
18. Lapolla A, Metzger BE. Gestational Diabetes A Decade after the HAPO Study Front Diabetes. Basel Karger. 2020;28:1–10 DOI: 10.1159/000480161
19. Bartolo C, Hall V, et al. Bittersweet: infective complications of drug-induced glycosuria in patients with diabetes mellitus on SGLT2-inhibitors: two case reports. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(284):1-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05982-3
20. Lupsa B C, Inzucchi S E. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: weighing the risks and benefits. Diabetologia.2018;61:2118–2125 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4663-6
21. Nishio Y. Drug Induced Tubulo-interstitial Nephritis, New Insight for Diagnosis. Sysmex Journal International. 2021;31(1):1-6
22. Fathi A, et al. SGLT2‑inhibitors; more than just glycosuria and diuresis. Heart Failure Reviews. 2021;26:623–642 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-020-10038-w
23. Aberer F, Hochfellner D.A, et al. Practical Guide for the Management of Steroid Induced Hyperglycaemia in the Hospital. J. Clin. Med. 2021;10(2154):1-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102154
24. Feng D, Lin J, et al. Can we reduce the interference of vitamin C and PH in urinalysis?. Food Sci Technol Campinas. 2022;42:e37321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.37321
25. Ormonde C, Gaspar A, et al. Glycosuria in primary glomerulopathies: prevalence and prognostic significance. Braz. J. Nephrol. 2021;0:1-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2021-011
26. Kim MS, Lee DY. Urinary Glucose Screening for Early Detection of Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetes in Jeonbuk Province Korean Schoolchildren. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32:985-991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3346/ jkms.2017.32.6.985
27. Shaykh - Fathallah S. Fanconi Syndrome. Medscape. 2018. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/981774-overview#a6
28. Putri M D M T, et al. Gambaran Kondisi Ibu Hamil dengan Diabetes Mellitus di RSD dr.Soebandi Jember Tahun 2013-2017. e-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan. 2018;6(1):46-52
29. Iseki K, Konta T, et al. Glucosuria and all-cause mortality among general screening participants. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.2018;22:850–859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-017-1528-0
30. Elenberg E. Cystinosis. Medscape. 2018. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/981650-overview
31. Queremel Milani DA, Jialal I. Urinalysis. [Updated 2021 May 9]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557685/
32. Patologi Klinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin. Keterampilan Pemeriksaan Glukosa Urin. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin. 2018. https://med.unhas.ac.id/kedokteran/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/PEMERIKSAAN-GLUKOSA-URIN.pdf
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