Penatalaksanaan Demam pada Bayi

Oleh :

dr.Nailla Fariq Alfiani

Penatalaksanaan demam pada bayi usia 0–60 hari berdasarkan usia, karena usia <29 hari adalah kelompok high risk untuk mengalami infeksi bakteri invasif (IBI). Pertimbangan lainnya adalah adalah berdasarkan etiologi dan penilaian adanya keadaan umum (well atau ill appearing), infeksi bakteri serius (IBS), jaundice, derajat dehidrasi, masalah feeding, infeksi lain seperti HIV, dan status imunisasi.[60]

Triase

Penatalaksanaan demam pada bayi usia 0–60 hari dilakukan berdasarkan penilaian pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) yang meliputi penampilan bayi, upaya napas, dan kondisi sirkulasi. Kemudian dilakukan penilaian primary assessment, yang meliputi airway, breathing, circulation, disability, dan exposure.

Referensi

1. Pantell RH, Adams WG, Roberts KB, Dreyer BP, Kuppermann N, O’Leary ST, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Evaluation and Management of Well-Appearing Febrile Infants 8 to 60 Days Old | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2021 Aug;148(2). https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/148/2/e2021052228/179783/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-Evaluation-and?autologincheck=redirected%3fnfToken%3d00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
2. Barbi E, Marzuillo P, Neri E, Naviglio S, Krauss B. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children. 2017 Sep 1;4(9):81.
9. Gould J. Fever in the Infant and Toddler: Practice Essentials, Neonates, Young Infants. 2021 Oct 17. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1834870-overview#a7
14. Paul S, Kini P, Tibrewal S. NICE Guideline Review: Fever in Under 5s: Assessment and Initial Management (NG143). Arch Dis Child - Educ Pract. 2022;107:212–6.
18. National Health Service (NHS). Clinical Guideline: Thermoregulation. Guidance specific to the care of neonatal patients. NHS, 2020 Jul; https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiEkP6CsbD6AhXV2nMBHaPuDDo4HhAWegQIAxAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nnuh.nhs.uk%2Fpublication%2Fdownload%2Fthermoregulation&usg=AOvVaw1gnc9FGZE5XtwPo7o19jYK
26. Children’s Health Hospital and Health Service. Queensland Pediatric Guideline. Febrile illness - Emergency management in children. Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. 2022;17.
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44. Green R, Webb D, Jeena PM, Wells M, Butt N, Hangoma JM, et al. Management of acute fever in children: Consensus recommendations for community and primary healthcare providers in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Emerg Med. 2021 Jun 1;11(2):283–96.
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60. World Health Organization. Integrated management of childhood illness: management of the sick young infant aged up to 2 months: IMCI chart booklet. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. 29 p. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326448
61. Green C, Krafft H, Guyatt G, Martin D. Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines. PLOS ONE. 2021 Jun 17;16(6):e0245815.
63. Mustapha M, Wilson KA, Barr S. Optimising nutrition of preterm and term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Paediatr Child Health. 2021 Jan 1;31(1):38–45.
65. Kanabar DJ. A clinical and safety review of paracetamol and ibuprofen in children. Inflammopharmacology. 2017 Feb 1;25(1):1–9.
66. Patel JK, Rouster AS. Infant Nutrition Requirements and Options. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560758/
67. Avva U, Mueller M. Fever In A Neonate. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482196/
68. Ulfa ZD, Setyaningsih Y. Tingkat Stres Ibu Menyusui dan Pemberian Asi pada Bulan Pertama Stress Levels of Breastfeeding Mothers and Breast Milk In The First Month. 2020;16(1):14.
71. Mathias B, Mira JC, Larson SD. Pediatric sepsis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Jun;28(3):380–7.
78. Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management, Roberts KB. Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months. Pediatrics. 2011 Sep;128(3):595-610. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1330. Epub 2011 Aug 28. PMID: 21873693.
80. Kight BP, Waseem M. Pediatric Fluid Management. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560540/?report=classic

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