Pendahuluan Pneumonia Komuniti

Oleh :

dr.Gold SP Tampubolon

Pneumonia komunitas atau community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) merupakan pneumonia yang didapat di masyarakat, di mana infeksinya terjadi di luar rumah sakit. Pneumonia didefinisikan sebagai peradangan paru yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme (bakteri, virus, jamur, dan parasit). CAP merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di negara berkembang. CAP mengakibatkan tingginya angka rawat inap terutama pada orang tua dan anak-anak.

Kebutuhan untuk rawat inap harus benar-benar dipertimbangkan karena kebanyakan kasus CAP dapat diobati dengan berobat jalan. Selain pertimbangan rawat inap atau rawat jalan, pertimbangan yang juga penting adalah pemilihan antimikroba.

Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan gejala dan tanda saluran pernafasan dan infeksi, serta dengan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk memastikan diagnosis. Tatalaksana diberikan sesuai organisme kausal, idealnya diberikan sesuai dengan hasil kultur namun dapat pula diberikan antibiotik spektrum luas.

Streptococcus pneumonia. Sumber: J Archer, PHIL CDC, 2013.

Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sumber: J Archer, PHIL CDC, 2013.

Gambar: Ilustrasi tiga dimensi dari Streptococcus pneumoniae, salah satu patogen penyebab tersering pneumonia.

Referensi

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