Demam pada Anak (1–5 Tahun) – Panduan E-Prescription Alomedika

Oleh :

dr. Felicia

Panduan e-Prescription untuk demam pada anak untuk usia 1–5 tahun ini dapat digunakan oleh Dokter saat hendak memberikan terapi medikamentosa secara online.

Demam pada anak kelompok usia 1–5 tahun dengan riwayat imunisasi lengkap, terutama usia >3 tahun yang sudah memiliki sistem imun yang matur biasanya lebih jarang mengindikasikan infeksi bakteri serius (IBS).

Demam berbeda dengan hipertermia. Peningkatan suhu tubuh pada hipertermia terjadi karena kegagalan termoregulasi, juga dikenal sebagai heat stroke atau sengatan panas yang disebabkan oleh anak yang terkunci di dalam mobil yang panas atau berolahraga dalam waktu lama di cuaca panas. Sedangkan, demam terjadi karena peningkatan set point hipotalamus oleh paparan pirogen endogen.[1,2]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Barbi E, Marzuillo P, Neri E, Naviglio S, Krauss BS. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children. 2017 Sep;4(9):81.
2. Hamilton JL, Evans SG, Bakshi M. Management of Fever in Infants and Young Children. Am Fam Physician. 2020 Jun 15;101(12):721–9.
3. Fever in children: Overview. In: InformedHealth.org. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279455/
4. Balli S, Shumway KR, Sharan S. Physiology, Fever. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562334/
5. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE). Recommendations | Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management | Guidance | NICE. NICE; 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng143/chapter/Recommendations
6. Queensland CH. Children’s Health Queensland. 2023. Febrile illness – Emergency management in children. https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/for-health-professionals/queensland-paediatric-emergency-care-qpec/queensland-paediatric-clinical-guidelines/febrile-illness
7. Brown MD, Brecher D, Byyny R, Diercks DB, Gemme SR, Gerardo CJ, et al. Clinical Policy for Well-Appearing Infants and Children Younger Than 2 Years of Age Presenting to the Emergency Department With Fever. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 May 1;67(5):625-639.e13.
8. NICE. Recommendations | Urinary tract infection in under 16s: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE. NICE; 2022. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG224/chapter/Recommendations#symptoms-and-signs
9. Paul SP, Kini PK, Tibrewal SR, Heaton PA. NICE guideline review: fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management (NG143). Arch Dis Child - Educ Pract. 2022 Jun 1;107(3):212–6.
10. Dehydration and diarrhea. Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Sep;8(7):459–60.
11. Green C, Krafft H, Guyatt G, Martin D. Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines. PLOS ONE. 2021 Jun 17;16(6):e0245815.
12. Ward MA. Patient education: Fever in children (Beyond the Basics). Wolters Kluwer. 2023 Oct; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fever-in-children-beyond-the-basics
13. Government of South Australia. SA Health. Fever in Children aged 1-2 months.
14. Ismoedijanto, Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). Demam pada Anak. Sari Pediatri. 2000 Aug;2(2):103–8.
15. Bradley, J. S., Byington, C. L., Shah, S. S., Alverson, B., Carter, E. R., et al. 2011. The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 53(7), e25–e76. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir531
16. Kenneth B. Roberts, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management; Urinary Tract Infection: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2 to 24 Months. Pediatrics September 2011; 128 (3): 595–610. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1330