Vaksin COVID-19: Perkembangan Hingga Saat Ini

Oleh :

dr.Eduward Thendiono, SpPD,FINASIM

Penyebaran COVID-19 yang semakin meluas di seluruh dunia tidak diimbangi dengan penemuan terapinya. Oleh sebab itu, pengembangan vaksin menjadi salah satu harapan utama dalam upaya mengontrol kasus COVID-19.

Meskipun secara konvensional, pengembangan vaksin membutuhkan waktu bertahun-tahun sebelum diterapkan ke masyarakat umum, beberapa perusahaan farmasi didukung oleh pemerintahan setempat telah memacu semua sumber daya mereka guna mempercepat ketersediaan vaksin untuk menjadi jawaban sebagai pengontrol infeksi COVID-19. Di antara sejumlah vaksin yang sedang dikembangkan, ada beberapa vaksin yang memimpin dalam penyelesaian uji klinis bahkan sudah mendapat ijin penggunaan darurat di sejumlah negara yakni vaksin yang dikembangkan oleh Sinovac, AstraZeneca-Oxford, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson and Johnson dan Novavax.[1]

Platform vaksin yang dikembangkan untuk membentuk antibodi anti-SARS-CoV-2 berasal dari live attenuated vaccine (vaksin hidup yang dilemahkan), in-activated whole-virus vaccine (vaksin yang sudah dimatikan/ diinaktivasi), subunit vaccine, virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, mRNA-based vaccine dan viral vector-based vaccine.[1,2]

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