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KHUSUS UNTUK DOKTER
Data epidemiologi menunjukkan bahwa delirium sering terjadi setelah penyakit akut, operasi, atau rawat inap. Populasi lanjut usia merupakan populasi yang lebih rentan.[4,7]
Global
Insidensi delirium adalah 1-2% pada populasi umum. Pada populasi khusus, insidensi delirium adalah sebesar 22% pada pasien yang dirawat inap. Pada pasien lansia yang dirawat inap, insidensinya mencapai 50%.
1. Fitzpatrick S, Owen K. Postoperative Cognitive Disorders: Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. General Anaesthesia, 2018;6.
2. Cerveira CCT, Pupo CC, Santos SDS dos, Santos JEM. Delirium in the elderly: A systematic review of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Dement. neuropsychol. 2017;11:270–5.
3. Vlisides P, Avidan M. Recent Advances in Preventing and Managing Postoperative Delirium. F1000Res 2019;8:607.
4. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Delirium Clinical Care Standard. 2021. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-09/delirium_clinical_care_standard_2021.pdf
7. Marcantonio ER. Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2017;377:1456–66.
10. Pereira JV, Aung Thein MZ, Nitchingham A, Caplan GA. Delirium in older adults is associated with development of new dementia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021;36:993–1003.
14. Adiwinata R, Oktaliansah E, Maskoen TT. Angka Kejadian Delirium dan Faktor Risiko di Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. jap 2016;4:36–41.
20. Avelino-Silva TJ, Campora F, Curiati JA, Jacob-Filho W. Association between delirium superimposed on dementia and mortality in hospitalized older adults: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2017 Mar 28;14(3):e1002264. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002264. PMID: 28350792; PMCID: PMC5370103.
22. Robinson TN, Raeburn CD, Tran ZV, et al. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes. Ann Surg 2009; 249:173.
23. Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. JAMA 2004; 291:1753.
24. McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Delirium predicts 12-month mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:457.
25. Leslie DL, Zhang Y, Holford TR, et al. Premature death associated with delirium at 1-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:1657.
26. Kiely DK, Marcantonio ER, Inouye SK, et al. Persistent delirium predicts greater mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57:55.
27. Pisani MA, Kong SY, Kasl SV, et al. Days of delirium are associated with 1-year mortality in an older intensive care unit population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1092.
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