Pendahuluan Rifampicin

Oleh :

dr. DrRiawati MMedPH

Rifampicin, dikenal juga sebagai rifampin, adalah obat antibiotik makrosiklik semi sintetik yang digunakan untuk penanganan tuberkulosis paru, lepra, dan kemoprofilaksis untuk meningitis bakterial. Rifampicin bersifat bakterisidal, terutama terhadap bakteri aerob, seperti Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan Mycobacterium leprae.

Efek terapi rifampicin yang bersifat bakterisidal ini bekerja secara intraseluler dan ekstraseluler untuk menghalangi sintesis protein bakteri, sehingga bakteri tidak berkembang biak dan mati.[1,2]

Efek samping rifampicin biasanya berhubungan dengan fungsi hepar, yaitu menimbulkan gejala ikterik. Rifampicin tidak boleh diberikan bersama dengan antasida karena dapat menyebabkan interaksi obat berupa penurunan absorpsi rifampicin. [3-6]

Sinonim: rifampin, rifampisin.

Nama kimia:

3-[[(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)imino]methyl]rifamycin,

atau

5,6,9,17,19,21-hexahydroxy-23-methoxy-2,4,12,16,20,22– heptamethyl-8-[N-(4-

methyl-1-piperazinyl)formimidoyl]-2,7-(epoxypentadeca[1,11,13] trienimino)

naphtho[2,1-b]furan-1,11(2H)-dione 21-acetate.

TABEL 1 Deskripsi Singkat Rifampicin

Perihal	Deskripsi
Kelas	Antiinfeksi [7,8]
Subkelas	Antibakteri/antiinfeksi khusus, antituberkulosis [7,8]
Akses	Resep [9]
Wanita hamil	Kategori FDA: C [5,10]
	Kategori TGA: C [11,12]
Wanita menyusui	Diekskresikan ke dalam air susu ibu
Anak-anak	Bilamana perlu dan sesuai aturan [3]
Infant	Bilamana perlu dan sesuai aturan [13,14]
FDA	Approved [15]

Referensi

1. Campbell EA, Korzheva N, Mustaev A, Murakami K, et al., Structural Mechanism for Rifampicin Inhibition of Bacterial RNA Polymerase. Cell, 2001. 104(6): p. 901-912.
2. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Pubchem: Rifampin. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6913622#section=Top
3. Drugs.com. Rifampicin December 2017; Available from: https://www.drugs.com/mtm/rifampin.html.
4. BPOM: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Rifampicin. 2015; Available from: http://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/rifampisin
5. FDA. Rifadin®. Revised November 2010 Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/050420s073,050627s012lbl.pdf.
6. FDA. Rifadin®. November 2010; Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/050420s073,050627s012lbl.pdf.
7. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Daftar Obat Esensial Nasional. 2017; Available from: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/KMK_No._HK_.01_.07-MENKES-395-2017_ttg_Daftar_Obat_Esensial_Nasional_.pdf.
8. The World Health Organization. WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines. WHO 2017; Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/.
9. BPOM: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Rifam. 2015; Available from: http://pionas.pom.go.id/obat/rifam.
10. Drugs.com. Rifampicin Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings. December 2017; Available from: https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/rifampin.html.
11. TGA: Therapeutic Goods Administration Department of Health Australian Government. The Australian categorisation system for prescribing medicines in pregnancy. December 2016; Available from: https://www.tga.gov.au/prescribing-medicines-pregnancy-database#searchname.
12. TGA: Therapeutic Goods Administration Department of Health Australian Government. Definitions of the Australian categories for prescribing medicines in pregnancy. May 2011; Available from: https://www.tga.gov.au/australian-categorisation-system-prescribing-medicines-pregnancy.
13. Le Doare K, Barber N, Doerholt K, Sharland M. Rifampicin pharmacokinetics in extreme prematurity to treat congenital tuberculosis. BMJ Case Reports, 2013. 2013: p. bcr2012008207.
14. Keskin, N. and S. Yilmaz, Pregnancy and Tuberculosis: to Assess Tuberculosis Cases in Pregnancy in a Developing Region Retrospectively and Two Case Reports [Abstract]. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2008. 278(5): p. 451-5.
15. FDA. FDA Approved Drug Products. 2017; Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=065390.

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