Memahami Perkembangan Tes Diagnostik COVID-19

Oleh :

dr. Ardi Putranto Ari Supomo, Sp. PK

Memahami perkembangan berbagai tes untuk mendeteksi penyakit COVID-19 perlu diketahui oleh klinisi. Pemeriksaan baku emas untuk penyakit novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) adalah pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Jenis virus penyebab COVID-19 masuk golongan coronaviridae, serupa dengan virus penyebab SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), sehingga penamaannya adalah SARS-CoV-2. Sedangkan istilah COVID-19 secara resmi diperkenalkan WHO pada tanggal 11 Februari 2020. Seluruh dunia saat ini terkena dampak dari penyakit COVID-19, bahkan WHO telah menyatakan keadaan pandemi berlaku untuk seluruh negara tanpa terkecuali.[1-3]

Meskipun banyak aspek biologi yang mempengaruhi tingkat keparahan pada penyakit infeksi tersebut, tetapi penatalaksanaan penyakit yang dilakukan sedini mungkin dapat meningkatkan luaran klinis yang lebih baik. Angka kesembuhan pasien COVID-19 akan semakin meningkat dengan penurunan progresifitas komplikasi sistemik, serta penurunan atau pencegahan terjadinya badai sitokin dan SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome). Untuk itu, dibutuhkan interpretasi tes diagnostik COVID-19 yang tepat sesuai indikasi.[2]

Anatomi Virus SARS-CoV-2

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

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2. Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Plebani M. Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Acta Biomed Journal. 2020; 91(2):1-9. DOI : 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9548
3. Hong KH, Lee SW, Kim TS, Huh HJ, Lee J, Kim SY, Park JS, et al. Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea. Ann Lab Med Journal. 2020; 40:351-360. Available from https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.351
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5. World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases. WHO interim guidance. 2020; 1-10. Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331329/WHO-COVID-19-laboratory-2020.4-eng.pdf
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7. Green K, Winter A, Dickinson R, Graziadio S, Wolff R, Mallett S, Allen AJ. What tests could potentially be used for the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 and what their advantages and disadvantages. NIHR Journal. 2020; 1-13. Available from https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/what-tests-could-potentially-be-used-for-the-screening-diagnosis-and-monitoring-of-covid-19-and-what-are-their-advantages-and-disadvantages/
8. Bastos ML, Tavaziva G, Abidi SK, Campbell JR, Haraoui LP, Johnston JC, Lan Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020; 370(m2516):1-13. DOI : 10.1136/bmj.m2516
9. The Ontario COVID-19 Testing Technical Working Group. An Overview of Cycle Threshold Values and their Role in SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time PCR Test Interpretation. Pusat data kesehatan Ontario. 2020; 1-14. Available from https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/main/2020/09/cycle-threshold-values-sars-cov2-pcr.pdf?la=en
10. Rao SN, Manissero D, Steele V, Pareja J. Clinical utility of cycle threshold values in the context of COVID-19. Research Square Journal. 2020; 1-23. Available from https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-41867/v1
11. Tang YW, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2020; 58(6):1-9. Available from https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00512-20
12. Yagci AK, Sarinoglu RC, Bilgin H, Yanılmaz Ö, Sayın E, Guneser D, Guncu MM, et al. Relationship of the cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction and total severity score of computerized tomography in patients with COVID 19. International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2020; 101(2020):160-166. Available from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1449