Pilihan Terapi Simtomatis untuk KIPI Vaksinasi COVID-19

Oleh :

dr. Hendra Gunawan SpPD

Pilihan terapi simtomatis untuk kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi atau KIPI COVID-19 harus dipahami tenaga medis agar dapat memberikan edukasi dan pengertian kepada masyarakat. Sebagian besar KIPI COVID-19 bergejala ringan hingga sedang, dan dapat diobati dengan terapi simtomatik seperti paracetamol. KIPI dapat disebabkan oleh reaksi tubuh untuk membangun imunitas, mengingat tidak ada satupun jenis vaksin yang bebas dari KIPI.[1]

Sekilas Mengenai Tujuan Vaksinasi COVID-19

Infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 telah menjadi masalah kesehatan global, hingga WHO telah menyatakan COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu upaya bersama untuk mengendalikan laju penularan penyakit, di mana salah satunya adalah dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan dan meningkatkan imunitas pejamu dengan melakukan vaksinasi.[2]

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Referensi

1.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine Washington DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/expect/after.html.
2.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Benefits of Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine Washington DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html.
3.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. FAQ tentang Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi Jakarta: Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2021. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/uploads/contents/others/FAQ_VAKSINASI_COVID__call_center.pdf.
4.Xia S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Gao GF, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(1):39-51.
5. Medicines & healthcare products regulatory agency. Summary of product characteristics of vaxzevria. GOV.UK. September 2021.https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca
6.Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021.
7. Medicines & healthcare products regulatory agency. Summary of product characteristics for Spikevax. GOV.UK. September 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-covid-19-vaccine-moderna/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-covid-19-vaccine-moderna
8. Medicines & healthcare products regulatory agency. Information for healthcare professionals on COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer/BioNTech (regulation 174). GOV.UK. September 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine
9.University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital. Maintenance Fluid Requirements Iowa2021 https://uichildrens.org/health-library/maintenance-fluid-requirements.
10. Kirubakaran R, Viswanathan A, Kompithra RZ. Prophylactic paracetamol for the prevention of fever in children receiving vaccination as part of a standard childhood immunization schedule. Cochrane. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012655
11. World Health Organization. 2021. Covid-19 advice for the public: getting vaccinated. Geneva: World Health Organization. Diakses pada September 20 2021. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice.
12. Sil A, Ravi MD, Patnaik BN, et al. 2017. Effect of prophylactic or therapeutic administration of paracetamol on immune response to DTwP-HepB-Hib combination vaccine in Indian infants. Vaccine; 35(22):2999-3006.
13. Clarke GD. Adams IM. Dunagan FM. Using suitability profiles to better inform consumers' choice of commonly used over-the-counter analgesics. .2008.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 16: 333-336. https://doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.16.5.0009