Mengenali Variants of Interest COVID-19

Oleh :

dr.Krisandryka

Variants of interest dari virus penyebab COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) adalah varian yang memiliki mutasi genetik yang diprediksi atau diketahui dapat memengaruhi karakteristik klinis virus. Contoh karakteristik klinis virus yang menjadi perhatian adalah tingkat transmisi yang lebih tinggi, derajat keparahan penyakit yang lebih berat, dan resistensi terhadap vaksin yang ada.

Sama seperti virus lainnya, SARS-CoV-2 penyebab COVID-19 telah mengalami mutasi seiring berjalannya waktu. Mayoritas mutasi ini sebenarnya tidak begitu memengaruhi karakteristik virus. Akan tetapi, mutasi tertentu dapat menimbulkan lonjakan insidensi COVID-19 maupun mortalitasnya.[1-3]

Saat ini WHO telah mengklasifikasikan varian SARS-CoV-2 menjadi variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest (VOI), dan alerts for further monitoring. VOC yang ada saat ini meliputi varian alfa, beta, gamma, dan delta. Lembaga lain seperti CDC juga telah mengklasifikasikan varian SARS-CoV-2 menjadi VOC, VOI, dan variant of high consequence (VOHC). Artikel ini akan membahas lebih lanjut mengenai VOI.[2,3]

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Referensi

1. World Health Organization. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants. 2021. https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions. 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/variant-info.html
3. Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR. Present variants of concern and variants of interest of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Their significant mutations in S-glycoprotein, infectivity, re-infectivity, immune escape and vaccines activity. Rev Med Virol. 2021;e2270. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2270
4. Pereira F, Tosta S, Lima MM, et al. Genomic surveillance activities unveil the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.525 variant of interest in Brazil: Case report. J Med Virol. 2021;93:5523– 5526. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27086
5. O’Toole A, Scher E, Rambaut A. Lineage B.1.526. 2021. https://cov-lineages.org/lineage.html?lineage=B.1.526
6. Annavajhala MK, Mohri H, Wang P, et al. A Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern, B.1.526, Identified in New York. Preprint. medRxiv. 2021;2021.02.23.2125225. doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.21252259
7. Thompson CN, Hughes C, Ngai S, et al. Rapid Emergence and Epidemiologic Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.526 Variant — New York City, New York, January 1–April 5, 2021. Weekly. 2021;70(19):712-716. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7019e1.htm
8. West AP, Wertheim JO, Wang JC, et al. Detection and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 in New York. Preprint. bioRxiv. 2021;2021.02.14.431043. doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431043
9. Edara V, Pinsky BA, Suthar MS. Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing-Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variants. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2107799
10. Khateeb J, Li Y, Zhang H. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and potential intervention approaches. Crit Care. 2021;25(244). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-021-03662-x
11. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, et al. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). StatPearls Publishing. 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/
12. Tada T, Zhou H, Dcosta BM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Lambda Variant Remains Susceptible to Neutralization by mRNA Vaccine-elicited Antibodies and Convalescent Serum. bioRxiv. 2021;2021.07.02.450959. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.02.450959
13. Wink PL, Volpato FCZ, Monteiro FL, et al. First identification of SARS-CoV-2 Lambda (C.37) variant in Southern Brazil. medRxiv. 2021;2021.06.21.21259241. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.21259241
14. Romero PE, Davila-Barclay A, Salvatierra G, et al. The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Lambda (C.37) in South America. medRxiv. 2021;2021.06.26.21259487. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.26.21259487
15. Laiton-Donato K, Franco-Munoz C, Alvarez-Diaz DA, et al. Characterization of the emerging B.1.621 variant of interest of SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.21256619