Defisiensi mikronutrien pada kehamilan dapat memberi dampak buruk bagi ibu dan janin. Dampak jangka pendek dari defisiensi mikronutrien antara lain anemia, abortus, lahir mati, kelahiran preterm, berat badan lahir rendah, dan malformasi kongenital. Dalam jangka panjang, defisiensi ini dapat berdampak pada gangguan tumbuh kembang dan gangguan sistem imun anak. [1]
Pada negara dengan pendapatan rendah dan menengah atau negara berkembang, seperti Indonesia, banyak ibu hamil memiliki kualitas diet yang buruk dan mengalami defisiensi nutrien. Mikronutrien adalah vitamin dan mineral yang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah kecil, namun sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan fungsi tubuh yang normal. [1]
Data Epidemiologi Defisiensi Mikronutrien pada Kehamilan
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Referensi
1. Gernand AD, Schulze KJ, Stewart CP, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies in pregnancy worldwide: health effects and prevention. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2016;12(5):274-289
2. Bardosono S. Maternal micronutrient deficiency during the first trimester among Indonesian pregnant women living in Jakarta. eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia [Online], 2016;4(2). from http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/eJKI/article/view/6281
3. Jiang T, Christian P, Khatry SK, et al. Micronutrient Deficiencies in Early Pregnancy are Common, Concurrent and Vary by Season among Rural Nepali Pregnant Woman. The J of Nutr, 2005;135(5):1106-1112
4. Parisi F, di Bartolo I Savasi VM et al. Micronutrient Supplementation in Pregnancy: Who, What and How Much? Obstet Med, 2019;12(1):5-13
5. World Health Organization (WHO). Essential Nutrition Actions: improving maternal, newborn, infant and young child health and nutrition. Updated: 2013. From: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/essential_nutrition_actions/en/
6. WHO/UNICEF/WFP. Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected by an emergency: Multiple vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women, and for children aged 6 to 59 months. Updated: 2007. From: www.who.int/nutrition/publications/WHO_WFP_UNICEFstatement.pdf.
7. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience. Geneva: 2016.
8. Keats EC, Haider BA, Tam E, Bhutta ZA. Multiple‐micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004905. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6.
9. Sudfeld CR, Smith ER. New Evidence Should Inform WHO Guidelines on Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Pregnancy. The Journal of Nutrition; 2019;148(3):359–361, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy279
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