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Teknik Injeksi Intramuskuler
Teknik injeksi intramuskuler adalah dengan menginjeksikan sediaan obat pada area otot. Otot yang dipilih adalah otot yang cukup besar, mudah diakses, dan memiliki vaskularisasi yang baik. Dokter juga perlu memastikan bahwa alat suntik yang digunakan merupakan alat suntik baru dan sekali pakai (single use syringe) agar tidak terjadi transmisi penyakit menular seperti HIV dan hepatotis B pada pasien.[2,7,8]
Persiapan Pasien
Persiapan pasien sebelum dilakukan injeksi intramuskuler adalah pemilihan lokasi injeksi, landmarking, dan preparasi kulit.[1,7-9]
Pemilihan Lokasi Penyuntikan
Referensi
1. Ogston-Tuck S. Intramuscular injection technique: an evidence-based approach. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 2014. 29(4), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.4.52.e9183
2. Polania Gutierrez JJ, Munakomi S. Intramuscular Injection. [Updated 2022 Feb 9]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556121/
6. Ayinde O, Hayward RS, Ross JDC. The effect of intramuscular injection technique on injection associated pain; a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 2021. 16(5): e0250883. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250883
7. Tungadi R. Teknologi Sediaan Steril Edisi Pertama Cetakan pertama. 2017. https://repository.ung.ac.id/get/karyailmiah/8399/Robert-Tungadi-Teknologi-Sediaan-Steril.pdf
8. Shepherd E. Injection technique 1: administering drugs via the intramuscular route. Nursing Times, 2018. 114: 8, 23-25. https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/assessment-skills/injection-technique-1-administering-drugs-via-the-intramuscular-route-23-07-2018/
9. Tambunan EH, Wulandari IS. Penggunaan Tehnik Z-Track Dan Air-Lock Untuk Menurunkan Rasa Nyeri Pada Tehnik Menyuntik Intramuskuler. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan PKM Sains, 2014. Teknologi dan Kesehatan ISSN 2089-3582, EISSN 2303-2480 | Vol 4, No. 1. https://proceeding.unisba.ac.id/index.php/sains_teknologi/article/download/591/pdf
10. Elsevier Health. Medication Administration: Intramuscular Injection. Elsevier, 2021. https://elsevier.health/en-US/preview/intramuscular-injections-acute-care
11. Nakajima Y, Fujii T, Mukai K, Ishida A, Kato M, Takahashi M, Tsuda M, Hashiba N, Mori N, Yamanaka A, Ozaki N, Nakatani T. Anatomically safe sites for intramuscular injections: a cross-sectional study on young adults and cadavers with a focus on the thigh. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(1):189-196. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1646576.
12. Haight BR, Learned SM, Laffont CM, Fudala PJ, Zhao Y, Garofalo AS, Greenwald MK, Nadipelli VR, Ling W, Heidbreder C; RB-US-13-0001 Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of a monthly buprenorphine depot injection for opioid use disorder: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):778-790. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32259-1.
13. Arslan GG, Özden D. Creating a change in the use of ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injection. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:1749-1756. Published 2018 Sep 13. doi:10.2147/PPA.S168885
14. Dulong C, Brett K, Argáez C. Skin Preparation for Injections: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2020 Mar. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562932/
15. Cole B. Injection-Site Reactions and How to Manage Them. Pharmacy Time, 2019. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/injection-site-reactions-and-how-to-manage-them
16. Pfützner W, Mockenhaupt M, Ott H, Pfaar O, Ring J, Sachs B, Sitter H, Trautmann A, Treudler R, Wedi B, Worm M, Wurpts G, Zuberbier T, Merk HF. Guideline for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: S2K-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Dermatological Society (DDG) in collaboration with the Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG), the Swiss Society for Allergy and Immunology (SGAI), the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI), the German Academy of Allergology and Environmental Medicine (DAAU), the German Center for Documentation of Severe Skin Reactions and the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Products (BfArM). Allergo J Int. 2015;24(3):94-105. doi: 10.1007/s40629-015-0052-6.
20. Drutz JE. Standard immunizations for children and adolescents: Overview. Uptodate. 2022.
21. Kroger A, Bahta L, Hunter P. General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization. Best Practices Guidance of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Special situations. 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/special-situations.html
22. Administration of vaccines. In: The Australian Immunisation Handbook, 10th ed. 2021. https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/vaccination-procedures/administration-of-vaccines
23. Beirne PV, Hennessy S, Cadogan SL, et al. Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8:CD010720.
24. WHO. Reducing pain at the time of vaccination: WHO position paper, September 2015-Recommendations. Vaccine 2016; 34:3629.
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