Diagnosis Rhabdomyosarcoma

Oleh :

dr. Nurul Falah

Diagnosis rhabdomyosarcoma dapat ditegakkan melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan laboratorium, pemeriksaan radiologi, pemeriksaan biopsi untuk penilaian histopatologis, pemeriksaan sitogenetik fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), pemeriksaan reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serta pemeriksaan aspirasi sumsum tulang belakang untuk menilai metastasis.

Anamnesis

Rhabdomyosarcoma biasanya bermanifestasi sebagai suatu massa yang membesar dimana gejala akan bergantung dari ukuran dan lokasi tumor. Munculnya benjolan dan pembengkakan adalah salah satu tanda awal dari rhabdomyosarcoma. Jika penyakit telah mengalami metastasis, pasien bisa mengeluhkan nyeri tulang, kesulitan bernapas (akibat tumor sekunder di paru ataupun karena efusi pleura), serta gejala anemia.[1,6]

Referensi

1. Kaseb H, Kuhn J, Babiker HM. Rhabdomyosarcoma. In: StatPearls. 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507721/
2. Sun X, Guo W, Shen JK, Mankin HJ, Hornicek FJ, Duan Z. Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biology. Sarcoma. 2015;2015:232010.
3. Amer KM, Thomson JE, Congiusta D, Dobitsch A, Chaudhry A, et al. Epidemiology, Incidence, and Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma Subtypes: SEER and ICES Database Analysis. J Orthop Res. 2019 Oct;37(10):2226-2230.
5. Parham DM, Barr FG. Classification of rhabdomyosarcoma and its molecular basis. Adv Anat Pathol. 2013;20(6):387-397.
6. Drake AF, Meyers AD. Pathology-Rhabdomyosarcoma. 2019. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/873546-overview
7. Thway K, Wang J, Wren D, Dainton M, Gonzalez D, Swansbury J, Fisher C. The comparative utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Virchows Arch. 2015 Aug;467(2):217-24.
8. Dávila-Camargo A, Samaniego-Novelo FF, Vidal-Muñoz M, Jiménez-López JM, López-Facio E. Multidisciplinary approach to orbital embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma: about a case. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2020 Nov 2:S0365-6691(20)30360-9.
9. Dombrowski ND, Wolter NE, Robson CD, Kawai K, Irace AL, et al. Role of Surgery in Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Head and Neck in Children. Laryngoscope. 2020 Jul 20. doi: 10.1002/lary.28785.
19. Elsebaie MAT, Amgad M, Elkashash A, et al. Publisher Correction: Management of Low and Intermediate Risk Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Pooled Survival Analysis of 553 Patients. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11448.
20. Zafar R, Wheeler Y. Liposarcoma.: StatPearls Publishing. 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538265/
21. Lin ZC, Chang XZ, Huang XF, Zhang CL, Yu GS, Wu SY, Ye M, He JX. Giant liposarcoma of the esophagus: A case report. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Sep 07;21(33):9827-32.
22. Aedma SK, Kasi A. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532286/
23. Doyle MR, Johnston JM. A novel p.Gly187Arg TP53 variant appears to result in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2018 Apr;35(3):203-207.
24. Durer S, Shaikh H. Ewing Sarcoma. StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559183/
25. Gozal F, Djakaria HM. Sarkoma Ewing. 2017. Radioterapi & Onkologi Indonesia. 8(1):39-49.
26. Hartung MP, Gaillarf F. Rhabdomyosarcoma. 2020. Available at https://radiopaedia.org/articles/rhabdomyosarcoma
27. Norman G, Fayter D, Lewis-Light K, et al. An emerging evidence base for PET-CT in the management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2015;5(1):e006030.
28. Morris CD, Tunn PU, Rodeberg DA, Terwisscha van Scheltinga S, Binitie O, et al. Surgical management of extremity rhabdomyosarcoma: A consensus opinion from the Children's Oncology Group, the European Pediatric Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020: 9:e28608. doi: 10.1002/pbc.28608.
29. Cogswell A, Howman-Giles R, Bergin M. Bone and gallium scintigraphy in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: a 10-year review. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1994;22(1):15-21.
30. Dirican A, Kucukzeybek Y, Erten C, et al. Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma of the left atrium. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2014;18(1):73-75.
31. Puteri ER, Rahman A. Rhabdomyosarcoma Orbita. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2019;8(3):1-7.

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Diagnosis Rhabdomyosarcoma

Referensi

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