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Etiologi Endometriosis
Etiologi endometriosis yang paling umum adalah menstruasi retrograde, yaitu aliran darah menstruasi yang berbalik. Riwayat keluarga dan dugaan lain sebagai etiologi endometriosis memerlukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut.
Menstruasi Retrograde
Menstruasi retrograde menjelaskan sebab letak implantasi endometrium yang ektopik atau tidak pada tempat asalnya. Namun, hanya sebagian dari wanita yang mengalami menstruasi retrograde yang mengalami endometriosis. Hal ini diduga akibat perbedaan sistem imunitas.[2,4,5,8]
Referensi
1. Yong PJ, Matwani S, Brace C, et al. 2019. Endometriosis and ectopic pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.778
2. Greene AD, Lang SA, Kendziorski JA, et al. 2016. Endometriosis: where are we and where are we going? Reproduction, 152(3), R63–R78. doi:10.1530/rep-16-0052
3. Liu, Z. 2016. Inflammation and endometriosis. Frontiers in Bioscience, 21(5), 941–948. doi:10.2741/4431
4. Falcone T, Flyckt R. 2018. Clinical Management of Endometriosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(3), 557–571. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002469
5. Tanbo T, Fedorcsak P. 2017. Endometriosis-associated infertility: aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment options. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 96(6), 659–667. doi:10.1111/aogs.13082
6. Koninckx PR, Ussia A, Adamyan L, et al. 2018. Pathogenesis of endometriosis: the genetic/epigenetic theory. Fertility and Sterility. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.10.013
7. Dowlut-McElroy T, Strickland JL. 2017. Endometriosis in adolescents. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29(5), 306–309. doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000402
8. Bulun SE, Yilmaz BD, Sison C, et al. 2019. Endometriosis. Endocrine Reviews, 40(4), 1048–1079. doi:10.1210/er.2018-00242
9. Donnellan N, Sanfilippo J, Stuparich M. 2016. Endometriosis in the Adolescent Patient. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 35(01), 102–109. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1597121
10. Tomassetti C, D’Hooghe T. 2018. Endometriosis and infertility: Insights into the causal link and management strategies. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.06.002
12. Fassbender A, Vodolazkaia A, Saunders P, et al. 2013. Biomarkers of endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 99(4), 1135–1145. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.097
13. Kong S, Zhang Y, Liu C, et al. 2014. The Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Endometriosis: A Review of Utilization and Mechanism. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1–16. doi:10.1155/2014/146383
14. Schorge JO, Modesitt SC, Coleman RL, et al. 2010. SGO White Paper on Ovarian Cancer: Etiology, Screening and Surveillance. Gynecologic Oncology, 119(1), 7–17. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.06.003
15. Gadducci A, Lanfredini N, Tana R. 2014. Novel insights on the malignant transformation of endometriosis into ovarian carcinoma. Gynecological Endocrinology, 30(9), 612–617. doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.926325
16. Sutrisno S, Wulandari RCL, Sulistyowati DWW, et al. 2015. Effect of genistein on proinflammatory cytokines and estrogen receptor–β in mice model of endometriosis. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 4(2), 96–99. doi:10.1016/s2305-0500(15)30003-8
17. Bonocher CM, Montenegro ML, Rosa e Silva JC, et al. 2014. Endometriosis and physical exercises: a systematic review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 12(1), 4. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-12-4
18. Hansen SO, Knudsen UB. 2013. Endometriosis, dysmenorrhoea and diet. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 169(2), 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.03.028
19. Jerman LF, Hey-Cunningham AJ. 2015. The Role of the Lymphatic System in Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature1. Biology of Reproduction, 92(3). doi:10.1095/biolreprod.114.124313
20. Visser NCM, Werner HMJ, Krakstad C, et al. 2017. Type of vascular invasion in association with progress of endometrial cancer. APMIS, 125(12), 1084–1091. doi:10.1111/apm.12774
21. Kimyon CG, Basaran D, Ergin AH, et al. 2018. Blood Vessel Invasion in Endometrial Cancer Is One of the Mechanisms of Spread to the Cervix. Pathology & Oncology Research. doi:10.1007/s12253-018-0498-1
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