Keseimbangan Mikrobiota Usus: Peran Sinbiotik untuk Mencegah Alergi pada Anak

Oleh :

dr. Nurul Falah

Kolonisasi mikrobiota usus pada neonatus merupakan hal yang krusial dalam menjaga kesehatan bayi. Paparan pertama dengan komunitas mikrobiota maternal (vagina, feses, ASI, mulut dan kulit) akan menentukan kematangan usus, perkembangan metabolik dan imunologi serta konsekuensi status kesehatan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.

Bayi yang lahir secara pervaginam akan dikolonisasi oleh bakteri vagina dan feses ibu, termasuk Lactobacillus dan Bifidobacterium spp. Berbagai faktor eksternal seperti persalinan sectio caesarea, jenis asupan, paparan antibiotik dan lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi kolonisasi mikrobiota usus sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakseimbangan mikrobiota usus. Adanya ketidakseimbangan dari mikrobiota usus atau disbiosis akan membuat anak rentan mengalami berbagai gangguan kesehatan, salah satunya adalah alergi susu sapi.[1,2]

Prevalensi dari alergi susu sapi bervariasi sekitar 0,5-3% di negara berkembang, yang merupakan angka tertinggi kedua setelah alergi telur. Gejala alergi susu sapi mulai muncul sebelum bayi berusia 1 bulan. Gejala klinis dapat muncul dalam waktu 30 menit sampai 1 jam setelah mengonsumsi protein susu sapi. Manifestasi klinis yang dapat timbul adalah urtikaria, angioedema, ruam kulit, dermatitis atopik, muntah, nyeri perut, diare, rinokonjungtivitis, bronkospasme, dan anafilaksis.

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

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