Pengaruh Kebiasaan Menghisap Empeng Terhadap Struktur Orofasial

Oleh :

drg.Fiesta Ellyzha Eka Hendraputri

Abnormalitas struktur orofasial dipercaya berkaitan dengan kebiasaan menghisap empeng, termasuk maloklusi dental dan anterior overbite. Artikel ini mengevaluasi bukti ilmiah terkait kepercayaan tersebut.

Empeng sering digunakan karena dianggap bermanfaat menenangkan bayi, memberi rasa nyaman saat ingin tidur atau saat nyeri pada waktu gigi tumbuh, dan mencegah kebiasaan menghisap jari.[1] Penggunaan empeng pada bayi di negara berkembang dilaporkan mencapai 42,5%.[2]

Empeng umumnya terbuat dari puting susu lateks atau silikon dengan gagang plastik yang memiliki berbagai macam bentuk dan ukuran. Secara umum, terdapat tiga jenis empeng yaitu empeng konvensional, empeng fungsional, dan empeng orthodontik.[1] Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan empeng konvensional dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang struktur orofasial, menyebabkan infeksi, mempersingkat durasi menyusui, dan menyebabkan maloklusi gigi.[3,4] Sementara itu, empeng orthodontik dilaporkan memiliki lebih sedikit efek samping terhadap struktur orofasial. [5] Akan tetapi, penelitian baru-baru ini menunjukan bahwa leher putting susu yang tipis pada empeng mengurangi insidensi anterior open bite dan meningkatkan overjet.[6]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Schmid KM, Kugler R, Nalabothu P, Bosch C, Verna C. The effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review. Prog Orthod. 2018 Mar 13;19(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40510-018-0206-4. PMID: 29532184; PMCID: PMC5847634.
2. Moimaz SA, Garbin AJ, Lima AM, Lolli LF, Saliba O, Garbin CA. Longitudinal study of habits leading to malocclusion development in childhood. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:96.
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