Perlu Tidaknya Suplementasi Nutrisi Oral untuk Anak Picky Eater

Oleh :

dr.Eva Naomi Oretla

Suplementasi nutrisi oral sering diberikan kepada anak picky eater. Kebiasaan picky eating atau kebiasaan memilih-milih makanan adalah salah satu spektrum kesulitan makan (feeding difficulties) yang sering dijumpai pada anak prasekolah berusia 12–36 bulan. Anak picky eater biasanya menolak untuk mencoba makanan baru atau hanya mau mengonsumsi makanan tertentu.[1-3]

Picky eating dapat membatasi asupan energi dan nutrisi anak, sehingga memengaruhi status gizi anak. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa picky eating persisten berisiko menyebabkan kondisi underweight, siklus penyakit rekuren, faltering growth, dan efek negatif pada pertumbuhan jangka panjang serta kemampuan kognitif anak.[2,4,5]

Untuk mencegah maupun mengatasi faltering growth pada picky eaters, orang tua dan tenaga medis sering meningkatkan asupan energi dan nutrien anak dengan beberapa cara, salah satunya dengan memberikan suplementasi nutrisi oral. Artikel ini akan membahas hasil studi mengenai efektif atau tidaknya pemberian suplementasi nutrisi oral pada anak-anak picky eaters.[2,4]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Taylor CM, Northstone K, Wernimont SM, et al. Macro- and micronutrient intakes in picky eaters: a cause for concern?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;11(0):1-10 doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137356
2. Taylor CM, Emmet PM. Conference on ‘Targeted approaches to tackling current nutritional issues’ Symposium 1: Current nutritional issues at the population level Picky eating in children: causes and consequences. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2019;78(0):161–169. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002586
3. Volger S, Sheng X, Tong LM, et al. Nutrient intake and dietary patterns in children 2.5-5 years of age with picky eating behaviours and low weight-for-height. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26(1):104-109.
4. Ghosh KA, Kishore B, Shaikh I, et al. Continuation of oral nutritional supplementation supports continued growth in nutritionally at-risk children with picky eating behaviour: A post-intervention, observational follow-up study. J Int Med Res. 2018 Jul;46(7):2615–2632. doi: 10.1177/0300060518766982
5. Taylor CM, Steer CD, Hays NP, et al. Growth and body composition in children who are picky eaters: a longitudinal view. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019;73:869–878. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0250-7
6. Kwon KM, Shin JE, Kang M, et al. Association between Picky Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status in Early Childhood: Performance of a Picky Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Nutrients. 2017;9(463):1-15. doi: 10.3390/nu9050463
7. Wolstenholme H, Kelly C, Hennessy M, et al. Childhood fussy/picky eating behaviours: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(2):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0899-x
8. Arisandi R. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Picky Eating Pada Anak. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2019;10(2):238-241.
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12. Ghosh KA, Kishore B, Shaikh I, et al. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on growth and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in picky eating children at nutritional risk: a randomized, controlled trial. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(6):2186–2201. doi: 10.1177/0300060518757355
13. Samuel TM, Veloso KM, Ho M, et al. A Narrative Review of Childhood Picky Eating and Its Relationship to Food Intakes, Nutritional Status, and Growth. A Narrative Review of Childhood Picky Eating and Its Relationship to Food Intakes, Nutritional Status, and Growth. Nutrients. 2018;10(1992):1-30. doi: 10.3390/nu10121992
14. Sheng X, Tong M, Zhao D, et al. Randomized controlled trial to compare growth parameters and nutrient adequacy in children with picky eating behaviors who received nutritional counseling with or without an oral nutritional supplement. Nutr Metab Insights. 2014 Oct 1;7:85-94. doi: 10.4137/NMI.S15097
15. UNICEF. Children, Food and Nutrition: Growing well in a changing world. 2019. https://www.unicef.org/media/60806/file/SOWC-2019.pdf
16. Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia: Pendekatan Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Masalah Makan pada Balita di Indonesia. 2014. https://spesialis1.ika.fk.unair.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Rekomendasi-Pendekatan-Diagnosis-dan-Tata-Laksana-Masalah-Makan-Pada-Batita.pdf