Stigma pada penderita gangguan jiwa sering menyebabkan keterlambatan penanganan psikiatri. Stigma pada gangguan jiwa merujuk pada terbentuknya suatu pemahaman negatif terkait sudut pandang seseorang atau sekelompok masyarakat terhadap orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ). Pandangan negatif ini berakar pada masalah personal, sosial, atau keluarga yang saling bersinergi hingga memunculkan permasalahan.[1,2]
Stigma gangguan jiwa muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, seperti stigma personal maupun stigma publik (lingkungan, lembaga, dan institusi pelayanan publik). Stigma publik mengarah pada sikap dan keyakinan seseorang terhadap ODGJ yang memunculkan perilaku menghindari, menolak, merasa takut, atau mendiskriminasi.
Pada tingkat lembaga, kebijakan tentang kesehatan jiwa belum tentu mampu mengarah pada sikap atau persepsi positif secara keseluruhan. Tuntutan untuk selalu bekerja secara cepat, tepat, dan terbaik tentu menjadi hambatan bagi mereka yang memiliki disabilitas akibat gangguan jiwa.[1-3]
(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)
Referensi
1. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. KBBI Daring. 2016. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/stigma
2. Cerully JL, Acosta JD, Sloan J. Mental Health Stigma and Its Effects on Treatment-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review. Military Medicine. 2018;183(11-12):427-437. doi:10.1093/milmed/usx219
3. Schnyder N, Panczak R, Groth N, Schultze-Lutter F. Association between mental health-related stigma and active help-seeking: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;210(4):261-268.
4. Horsfeld P, Stolzenburg S, Hahm S, et al. Self-labeling as having a mental or physical illness: the effects of stigma and implications for help-seeking. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019;1-10. doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01787-7
5. van der Maas M, Stuart H, Patten SB, et al. Examining the Application of the Opening Minds Survey in the Community Health Centre Setting. Can J Psychiatry. 2018;63(1):30-36. doi:10.1177/0706743717719079
6. Hamilton S, Pinfold V, Cotney J, et al. Qualitative analysis of mental health service users' reported experiences of discrimination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2016 Aug;134 Suppl 446(Suppl Suppl 446):14-22. doi: 10.1111/acps.12611
7. Knaak S, Mantler E, Szeto A. Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. Healthc Manage Forum. 2017;30(2):111-116. doi:10.1177/0840470416679413
8. Ulya Z. Coercion (pasung) and people with a mental disorder in Indonesia: Bioethics and health law. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2019 Sep-Oct;66:101477. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101477
9. Biswas J, Drogin EY, Gutheil TG. Treatment Delayed is Treatment Denied. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2018 Dec;46(4):447-453. doi: 10.29158/JAAPL.003786-18
10. Drake RJ, Husain N, Marshall M, et al. Effect of delaying treatment of first-episode psychosis on symptoms and social outcomes: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jul;7(7):602-610. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30147-4
11. Coid JW, Ullrich S, Bebbington P, et al. Paranoid Ideation and Violence: Meta-analysis of Individual Subject Data of 7 Population Surveys. Schizophr Bull. 2016 Jul;42(4):907-15. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbw006
12. Glick G, Druss B, Pina J, et al. Use of mobile technology in a community mental health setting. J Telemed Telecare. 2016 Oct;22(7):430-5. doi: 10.1177/1357633X15613236
13. Brunette MF, Achtyes E, Pratt S, et al. Use of Smartphones, Computers and Social Media Among People with SMI: Opportunity for Intervention. Community Ment Health J. 2019 Aug;55(6):973-978. doi: 10.1007/s10597-019-00431-7
14. Torous J, Wisniewski H, Bird B, et al. Creating a Digital Health Smartphone App and Digital Phenotyping Platform for Mental Health and Diverse Healthcare Needs: an Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approach. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science. 2019;73-85.
15. Community Reach Center. 8 Ways You Can Raise Community Awareness During Mental Health Month. 2017. https://www.communityreachcenter.org/blog/8-ways-can-raise-community-awareness-mental-health-month/